Viewport units

Author: s | 2025-04-25

Viewport units also may not be well supported in SVG. vw. Viewport width units. 1% of the viewport width. vh. Viewport height units. 1% of the viewport height. vmin. Viewport minimum units. 1% of the viewport width or height, whichever Types of Viewport Units (VW VH) There are four viewport-based units in CSS, which are the values of viewport units: Height of the viewport (vh): This unit is dependent on

GitHub - rodneyrehm/viewport-units-buggyfill: Making viewport units

Compute to content: normal; on regular elements. If you find yourself in such a situation, this may be a way out:img { content: normal !important;}Note: This buggyfill only works on stylesheets! viewport units used in style attributes are not resolved.Note: The buggyfill can easily trip over files host on different origins (requiring CORS) and relative URLs to images/fonts/… within stylesheets. #11Using viewport-units-buggyfillAfter loading the buggyfill from npm (npm install viewport-units-buggyfill) or bower (bower install viewport-units-buggyfill), it has to be required and initialized:require('viewport-units-buggyfill').init();If you're - for whatever reason - not using a package manager, include the script as follows:script src="viewport-units-buggyfill.js">/script>script>window.viewportUnitsBuggyfill.init();script> To engage the buggyfill with hacks, pass them in at initialization:var hacks = require('viewport-units-buggyfill.hacks');require('viewport-units-buggyfill').init({ hacks: hacks});To exempt certain stylesheets from being processed, the attribute data-viewport-units-buggyfill="ignore":link rel="stylesheet" href="file-to-ignore.css" data-viewport-units-buggyfill="ignore">link rel="stylesheet" href="file-to-process.css">APIviewport-units-buggyfill exposes the following API:var viewportUnitsBuggyfill = require('viewport-units-buggyfill');viewportUnitsBuggyfill.init();viewportUnitsBuggyfill.init({force: true});viewportUnitsBuggyfill.init({refreshDebounceWait: 250});viewportUnitsBuggyfill.init({hacks: window.viewportUnitsBuggyfillHacks});viewportUnitsBuggyfill.init({appendToBody: true});viewportUnitsBuggyfill.refresh();viewportUnitsBuggyfill.findProperties();var cssText = viewportUnitsBuggyfill.getCss();In CSS you can declare fallbacks to be used by the buggyfill's hacks:.my-viewport-units-using-thingie { width: 50vmin; height: 50vmax; top: calc(50vh - 100px); left: calc(50vw - 100px); content: 'viewport-units-buggyfill; width: 50vmin; height: 50vmax; top: calc(50vh - 100px); left: calc(50vw - 100px);';}The buggyfill emits the event viewport-unit-buggyfill-init before initializing and viewport-unit-buggyfill-style after applying the fixed styles to the document. The events are dispatched on window and may be used as follows:window.addEventListener('viewport-unit-buggyfill-init', function() { console.log('getting lost in CSSOM');});window.addEventListener('viewport-unit-buggyfill-style', function() { console.log('updated rules using viewport unit');});Cross Origin StylesheetsWarning: Including stylesheets from third party services, like Google WebFonts, requires those resources to be served with appropriate CORS headers. You may also need to

Viewport units - flackr.github.io

Content. This factor is vital for a smooth user experience;Innovative Viewport Units: To tackle such challenges, CSS has introduced new units such as svw, svh, lvw, lvh, dvw, and dvh. These units provide more nuanced control, accounting for fluctuating interface components.Advanced Techniques with Viewport UnitsViewport units unlock numerous possibilities for responsive web design:Adaptable Typography: Beyond headlines, viewport units facilitate the creation of a responsive typographic scale, ensuring text sizes adjust fluidly across devices;Proportional Spacing: Employing viewport units for margins and paddings guarantees consistent spacing about screen size, contributing to the layout’s visual coherence;Responsive Interactive Elements: Using viewport units in elements like modals or pop-ups guarantees they always display appropriately, regardless of the viewing device.Viewport Units in Complex Web LayoutsIn intricate web layouts, viewport units are key to achieving versatile, dynamic designs:Flexible Grid Systems: Integrating viewport units in CSS Grid layouts enables the creation of adaptable, responsive grids that adjust to screen size variations;Consistent Aspect Ratios: Maintaining stable aspect ratios for media elements is more feasible with viewport units, ensuring proportionate resizing of images and videos;Adaptive Design Components: For elements ranging from navigation bars to footer sections, viewport units ensure these components retain functionality and aesthetic appeal across various devices.For further enhancement of your web design skills, delve into our guide on centering tables in HTML using CSS, where we explore techniques for achieving perfectly aligned and visually appealing table layouts.Relative Length Units for Dynamic Web DesignIn the realm of responsive web design, the adoption of relative length units rooted in

GitHub - joetakara/react-native-expo-viewport-units: Viewport units: vw

Maximum (vmax):Description: ‘vmax’ is based on the larger dimension of the viewport;Functionality: If the viewport’s height is more than its width, 1vmax equals 1% of the height. Conversely, if the width is larger, 1vmax is 1% of the width.Implementing Viewport Units EffectivelyImagine a viewport measuring 1200px by 1000px:10vw would be 120px, and 10vh would be 100px;In this case, 10vmax (the larger width) equals 120px, while 10vmin (the shorter height) is 100px.When the device orientation changes to 1000px wide and 1200px high:10vh becomes 120px and 10vw is 100px;Intriguingly, 10vmax and 10vmin remain at 120px and 100px, respectively, but based on different dimensions.Adjusting the viewport to 1000px wide and 800px high leads to:10vh at 80px, 10vw stays at 100px, 10vmax continues at 100px, and 10vmin drops to 80px;It’s crucial to understand that viewport units are distinctly different from percentages. Percentages are sized relative to a parent element, whereas viewport units are directly connected to the browser’s dimensions.Exploiting Viewport Units in Web ElementsA prevalent use of viewport units is in configuring web elements to fill the entire screen, applicable for both background visuals and full-screen web sections. This effect is achieved by setting the element’s width to 100% and its height to 100vh.Example: Crafting a Fullscreen Background in HTML and CSSHTML Structure: aCSS Design:.fullscreen { width: 100%; height: 100vh; padding: 40vh;}.a { background: url('path/to/image.jpg') center/cover;}In this setup, the .fullscreen class ensures the div element fully occupies the viewport, while .a introduces a comprehensive background image. The padding of 40vh centers the content vertically. Viewport units also may not be well supported in SVG. vw. Viewport width units. 1% of the viewport width. vh. Viewport height units. 1% of the viewport height. vmin. Viewport minimum units. 1% of the viewport width or height, whichever Types of Viewport Units (VW VH) There are four viewport-based units in CSS, which are the values of viewport units: Height of the viewport (vh): This unit is dependent on

CSS Viewport Units - ishadeed.com

Within the fullscreen area.Enhancing Headline Scalability with Viewport UnitsThe adoption of viewport units for headline scaling marks a notable evolution in responsive typography. Unlike traditional methods like the FitText jQuery plugin which dynamically resize headlines, viewport units offer a more streamlined approach. Headlines set with viewport dimensions adapt effortlessly, ensuring consistent display and readability across diverse device screens.Challenges and Solutions in Font SizingVariable Font Sizes: A font size set at 8vw might equate to 96px on a 1200px wide viewport, but dramatically alter to 33px on a 400px wide viewport. These fluctuations can affect readability;Optimal Sizing Strategies: To mitigate this, a blend of viewport units with functions like calc() and clamp() provides a more controlled solution. These functions enable more precise sizing, ensuring text remains readable across different screen sizes.Centering Elements with Viewport UnitsViewport units can be crucial in positioning elements precisely at the center of the user’s view. The conventional method involves adjusting the top and bottom margins proportionate to the element’s height. For example:.centered { width: 60vw; height: 70vh; margin: 15vh auto;}However, with the introduction of Flexbox and CSS Grid, aligning elements both vertically and horizontally has become more efficient and straightforward.Key Points to Remember When Using Viewport UnitsUtilizing viewport units in web design requires consideration of various aspects:Width Measurement and Overflow: Setting element width with viewport units might cause discrepancies due to unseen scrollbars, potentially disrupting layouts;Mobile Device Considerations: Dynamic interface elements like address bars on mobile devices can modify the viewport height, leading to shifts in

Introduction to Viewport Units - YouTube

Viewport units—VW (viewport width) and VH (viewport height)—have become popular tools in modern web design. These units provide an easy way to create responsive layouts by sizing elements relative to the size of the browser’s viewport. They offer a flexible alternative to fixed units like pixels or percentages, which can sometimes struggle to adapt across different devices and screen sizes. However, while viewport units seem straightforward, they can introduce a range of issues if not used carefully. From unexpected scroll behavior to performance hiccups, VW and VH can cause trouble if their limitations aren’t fully understood.In this article, we’ll explore the common pitfalls of viewport units, why they happen, and how to avoid them. We’ll cover everything from responsive design quirks to the intricacies of mobile browsers, and by the end, you’ll have actionable strategies to ensure your use of VW and VH is effective and problem-free.Understanding VW and VH: A Quick OverviewBefore diving into the pitfalls, let’s quickly define how viewport units work:VW: 1 VW unit equals 1% of the viewport’s width. If the viewport is 1000 pixels wide, then 1 VW equals 10 pixels.VH: 1 VH unit equals 1% of the viewport’s height. If the viewport height is 800 pixels, then 1 VH equals 8 pixels.These units allow you to size elements relative to the browser window, making it easier to create designs that scale with the screen size. For example, you might use width: 50vw to ensure an element always takes up 50% of the viewport’s width, regardless of the device size.But while VW and VH are flexible and convenient, they don’t always behave as expected—particularly when dealing with mobile devices, dynamic content, or more complex layouts.Pitfall #1: Mobile Viewport Height InconsistenciesOne of the most frustrating issues with VH units is how mobile browsers handle the viewport height. Mobile devices, unlike desktop browsers, often include dynamic UI elements like address bars and toolbars that appear and disappear as the user scrolls. These elements change the height of the viewport, causing VH-based elements to resize unexpectedly.The Problem:When you use VH on a mobile device, the viewport height can change depending on whether the browser’s address bar is visible. For instance, if you set an element to height: 100vh, it may look fine initially, but as the user scrolls and the browser’s UI collapses, the viewport height increases, causing the element to resize and potentially creating a layout shift.Example:.hero

New Viewport Units - ishadeed.com

#21)remove separate CSS content and behavior hacks and merge them into one. This is a backward compatibility breaking change! The only acceptable way to specify viewport-unit rules to a non-supporting browser now is content: "viewport-units-buggyfill; width: 20vw;" (#20, #25)removing need for initialization options behaviorHack and contentHack, passing hacks will suffice (#20, #25)adding IE11 to the list to fix its vmax support (#31)adding to prevent specific stylesheets from being processed (suggested in #11)0.4.1 (September 8th 2014)fixing bower.json (… narf)0.4.0 (September 8th 2014)fixes IE9 and Safari native way of calculating viewport units differently inside of a frame. Without this buggyfill, IE9 will assume the 100vw and 100vh to be the width and height of the parent document’s viewport, while Safari for iOS will choose 1px (!!!!) for both.fixes IE9's issue when calculate viewport units correctly when changing media-query breakpoints.adds vmin support for IE9 (instead of vm, IE9's equivalent to vmin) and vmax support to IE9 and 10. (Note that this will only work when initializing with viewportUnitsBuggyfill.init({hacks: window.viewportUnitsBuggyfillHacks});) and adding the viewport-units-buggyfill.hacks.js to the page after viewport-units-buggyfill.js..myLargeBlock { width: 50vmin; height: 50vmax; behavior: 'use_css_behavior_hack: true; width: 50vmin; height: 50vmax;';}adds the ability for viewport units to be used inside of calc() expressions in iOS Safari and IE9+, via the use of the content CSS property. This seems like a good compromise since content is only valid inside ::before and ::after rules (as a result, it is not recommended use this hack inside of these rules). (Note that this will only work when initializing

The Trick To Viewport Units On Mobile

Viewport Units Buggyfill™This is a buggyfill (fixing bad behavior), not a polyfill (adding missing behavior). That said, it provides hacks for you to get viewport units working in old IE and Android Stock Browser as well. If the browser doesn't know how to deal with the viewport units - vw, vh, vmin and vmax - this library will not improve the situation unless you're using the hacks detailed below. The buggyfill uses the CSSOM to access the defined styles rather than ship its own CSS parser, that'S why the hacks abuse the CSS property content to get the values across.Amongst other things, the buggyfill helps with the following problems:viewport units (vh|vw|vmin|vmax) in Mobile Safariviewport units inside calc() expressions in Mobile Safari and IE9+ (hack)vmin, vmax in IE9+ (hack)viewport units in old Android Stock Browser (hack)The buggyfill iterates through all defined styles the document knows and extracts those that uses a viewport unit. After resolving the relative units against the viewport's dimensions, CSS is put back together and injected into the document in a element. Listening to the orientationchange event allows the buggyfill to update the calculated dimensions accordingly.The hacks use the content property to transport viewport-unit styles that need to be calculated by script, this is done because unsupporting browsers do not expose original declarations such as height: calc(100vh - 10px):content: 'viewport-units-buggyfill; width: 50vmin; height: 50vmax; top: calc(50vh - 100px); left: calc(50vw - 100px);';Note: The content hack may not work well on and other replaced elements, even though it should. Viewport units also may not be well supported in SVG. vw. Viewport width units. 1% of the viewport width. vh. Viewport height units. 1% of the viewport height. vmin. Viewport minimum units. 1% of the viewport width or height, whichever

CSS Viewport Units - freestyleacademy.rocks

Combining VW and VH with other fluid units like percentages or rems can sometimes lead to conflicting behavior, where elements scale too aggressively or fail to align properly.The Problem:When combining fluid units like VW with percentages or em-based layouts, the elements may not scale proportionally, leading to awkward spacing or misaligned content.Example:.container { width: 80vw;}.text { font-size: 2rem; margin: 5%; /* Percentages and viewport units might conflict */}In this case, the text size and margin may not align well with the container, especially as the viewport resizes.The Fix:To create a more consistent fluid layout, use consistent units across your design. If you’re using viewport units for width or height, consider using them for spacing and font sizes as well to ensure a harmonious scaling experience. Alternatively, use a combination of fluid typography and CSS Grid or Flexbox to maintain a balanced layout.Example of a fluid layout with consistent units:.container { width: 80vw; padding: 5vw; /* Consistent spacing with VW */}.text { font-size: 3vw; /* Scales with viewport */}By keeping the units consistent, you avoid conflicts and ensure that all elements scale proportionally, creating a smoother, more balanced fluid layout.Conclusion: Mastering VW and VH with Best PracticesViewport units are incredibly powerful for creating responsive designs that scale effortlessly across devices. However, as we’ve seen, they can introduce a range of issues—from mobile viewport height inconsistencies to unexpected scrollbars and layout shifts. To master VW and VH, it’s important to understand their limitations and use them strategically.Here’s a summary of best practices for avoiding the pitfalls of viewport units:Use CSS custom properties and JavaScript to manage viewport height (VH) on mobile devices where the UI can change dynamically.Avoid using 100vw for full-width elements to prevent horizontal scrollbars—use 100% or adjust for the scrollbar width.Let Flexbox or Grid control layout sizes and avoid mixing viewport units with these layout techniques.Adjust for large screens using media queries to prevent elements from scaling too large.Predefine sizes for dynamic content like images or videos to prevent layout shifts during loading.By following these strategies, you can take full advantage of viewport units without falling into the common traps that can harm the user experience. At PixelFree Studio, we believe that the best designs are not only responsive but also stable and performant. By mastering VW and VH and understanding their intricacies, you can create layouts that look polished and behave predictably, no matter the device or screen

The trick to viewport units on mobile

Input, the Visual Viewport shrinks as the OSK gets shown. If the input would be obscured by the OSK, browsers offset the Visual Viewport against the Layout Viewport so that the input remains in view.Figure: Visualization of the Visual Viewport on a page with the OSK shown.The Visual Viewport is well supported by all major browsers:Chrome 61Firefox 91Edge 79Safari 13Note that the Visual Viewport can not grow larger than the Layout Viewport. The Visual Viewport’s scrolling layer is the Layout Viewport.Problem StatementThe side-effect of a resized ICBWhile all browsers on all platforms derive the svh/lvh/vh units in the same manner – i.e. derive it from the size of the ICB – and resize the Layout Viewport as UA UI Elements appear/disappear, there’s a difference in how platforms behave when the Virtual Keyboard is shown.We can distinguish two different behaviors:Browsers that resize the Visual Viewport, leaving Layout Viewport untouched:Safari on iOSSafari on iPadOSChrome on CrOSChrome on iOSChrome on iPadOSEdge on iOSEdge on iPadOSBrowsers that resize both the Visual Viewport and Layout Viewport:Chrome on AndroidFirefox on AndroidEdge on AndroidFirefox on iOSℹ️ Note: The Virtual Keyboard API offers a third behavior: Overlay. In this mode, nothing gets resized when the Virtual Keyboard gets shown. The Visual Viewport and Layout Viewport retain their size.This difference in how the various Viewports get resized leads to a non-interoperable layout and sizing behavior of websites when the Virtual Keyboard is shown. By resizing the Layout Viewport, the size of the ICB also changes. In response to the ICB getting resized, the Viewport Units also change.In the browsers from group 1, with the Virtual Keyboard shown:The Computed Values for Viewport Units remain the sameElements that were designed to take up the full visual space keep their sizeFixedPos elements remain in place, and can be obscured by the Virtual KeyboardIn the browsers from group 2, with the Virtual Keyboard shown:The Computed Values for Viewport Units shrinkElements that were designed to take up the full visual space shrinkFixedPos elements can end up elsewhere in the layoutVisualized:Figure: Safari on iOS (left), Google Chrome on Android (center), and Firefox on Android (right). Viewport units also may not be well supported in SVG. vw. Viewport width units. 1% of the viewport width. vh. Viewport height units. 1% of the viewport height. vmin. Viewport minimum units. 1% of the viewport width or height, whichever Types of Viewport Units (VW VH) There are four viewport-based units in CSS, which are the values of viewport units: Height of the viewport (vh): This unit is dependent on

CSS Units and Viewport - Educative

Grid, it’s often better to let the grid system handle the layout’s sizing, while keeping viewport units for elements outside the grid (such as headers, footers, or standalone containers). Use fractional units (fr) or percentages for grid items and combine them with min/max properties to create more flexible, adaptable layouts.Example with a responsive grid layout:.grid-container { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr)); /* Flexible, responsive columns */ grid-gap: 20px;}.grid-item { height: 50vh; /* VH for vertical sizing, but let Grid control width */}By using minmax() and fractional units (fr), the grid remains responsive, with items adapting to the viewport size without causing overflow or layout shifts.2. Preventing Content Overlap in Multi-Layer DesignsIn more complex web designs—such as those involving multiple layers of content (e.g., overlays, modals, and pop-ups)—viewport units can sometimes lead to content overlap or misalignment. This is especially true when elements are positioned with fixed or absolute positioning, as these elements often rely on viewport dimensions to determine their size or position.The Problem:If you use VW or VH for sizing or positioning in these scenarios, fixed-position elements like headers or modals can overlap or clash with other content, especially when the viewport size changes unexpectedly (e.g., on mobile devices).Example:.header { position: fixed; top: 0; height: 10vh; /* 10% of the viewport height */ width: 100vw;}.modal { position: fixed; top: 20vh; /* Positioned relative to the viewport height */ width: 80vw;}In this case, resizing the viewport might cause the modal to overlap the header, or the modal may not display correctly on certain screen sizes.The Fix:To avoid content overlap, ensure that your fixed-position elements have well-defined relationships in terms of positioning and spacing. Instead of relying entirely on VH or VW for positioning, use relative units (like em or rem) and calc() to ensure elements are properly spaced regardless of viewport changes.Example:.header { position: fixed; top: 0; height: 10vh; width: 100vw;}.modal { position: fixed; top: calc(10vh + 20px); /* Accounts for header height and adds padding */ width: 80vw;}By using calc(), you can create dynamic spacing that adjusts based on the header’s height and additional padding, preventing overlap and ensuring that the modal remains properly positioned even on different screen sizes.3. Using Viewport Units for Responsive TypographyViewport units are often used to create responsive typography, where text sizes adjust based on the size of the viewport. While this can be a powerful technique for creating scalable designs, it can