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Author: d | 2025-04-25

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Graphing calculators are important tools for students and academics. They can solve complex equations, show you the graph for additional answers, and do stuff that normal calculators can’t do. Most of us are familiar with popular brands like Texas Instruments, Casio, and HP, but they can be pricey. You can find many more affordable and competitive options for your Android phone. Here are the best graphing calculator apps for Android.If you want something more basic, check out our picks for the best calculator apps, or more advanced features from some of the best math apps.The best graphing calculator apps for AndroidAlmostTIDesmos Graphing CalculatorEmu48Graphing Calculator Plus 84 83Graphing Calculator Plus (X84)Graph 89HiPER Scientific CalculatorNumWorks Graphing CalculatorMathlab Graphing CalculatorScientific Calculator 36 PlusAlmostTI is an emulator for Texas Instruments emulators. It can fully emulate TI-84+ (and Silver Edition), TI-83+ (and Silver Edition), TI-73, TI-83, TI-85, TI-86, TI-82, and TI-81 calculators. The app doesn’t come with the ROMs for legal reasons, so you need to provide those yourself. Otherwise, it’s as simple as loading the emulator and using the calculator.The app also has save states so you can continue your work later. It replaced the venerable AndieGraph in this segment and seems to get regular updates.Desmos Graphing CalculatorPrice: FreeDesmos Graphing Calculator is a reasonably decent calculator. It focuses heavily on the graphing aspect of the process, as opposed to solving complex equations like hardware calculators. The app features zooming for more precise answers and it’s easy to find points of interest like the maximum, minimum, and points of intersection.I personally used this in a few math classes in college and my answers were never wrong. It’s not Texas Instruments’ levels of power, but it’s definitely close enough for most stuff.Emu48 is a mobile port of the Emu48 Windows application. It’s an emulator for the HP48 graphing calculator. The app works like most emulators in this space. You provide the ROM and the app makes it work. It does work for other HP calculators aside from the HP48, such as the HP50, HP48G, and many others.It’s kind of like AlmostTI but for HP calculators. Droid48 (Google Play) used to be the go-to for this, but it hasn’t been updated since 2016.Graphing Calculator Plus 84 83Price: Free / $2.99This one has a hilarious name, but luckily it works pretty well. The app lets you draw various graphics using various types of equations. It claims to work as well as a TI-83 or TI-84 calculator, hence the name. In testing, the app worked just fine for the stuff we plugged in. The process is a little different though, so expect a slight learning curve while you learn where all the buttons are. It’s quite good, although we

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The TI-86 is a programmable graphing calculator introduced in 1996 which was produced by Texas Instruments. The TI-86 uses the Zilog Z80 microprocessor. It is partially backwards-compatible with its predecessor, the TI-85.This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2009)In addition to having a larger screen than the TI-83, the TI-86 also allows the user to type in lower case and Greek letters and features five softkeys, which improve menu navigation and can be programmed by the user for quick access to common operations such as decimal-to-fraction conversion. The calculator also handles vectors, matrices and complex numbers better than the TI-83. One drawback, however, is that the statistics package on the TI-83 range doesn't come preloaded on the TI-86. However, it can be downloaded from the Texas Instruments program archive and installed on the calculator using the link cable.[1]The TI-86 has been discontinued.[2]CPU: Zilog Z80[3] 6 MHzRAM: 128 KB, 96 KB user-accessibleROM: 256 KB non-upgradableDisplay: 128×64 pixels high-contrast monochrome LCDData Communication: Serial link port; allows two TI-86 calculators to be connected to each other, or one TI-86 to be connected to a PC, for data transfer via a special link cableProgramming Languages: TI-BASIC, Z80 Assembly language (ASM)Power: 4×AAA, 1×CR1616 or CR1620 (for backup power)Comparison of Texas Instruments graphing calculators

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A command file named firmware.cmd contains these lines: firmware.out /* input file */ --ti_tagged /* TI-Tagged */ --outfile=firm.lsb /* output file */ --outfile=firm.msb /* output file */ You can invoke the hex conversion utility by entering: hex6x firmware.cmd This example shows how to convert a file called appl.out into eight hex files in Intel format. Each output file is one byte wide and 4K bytes long. appl.out /* input file */ --intel /* Intel format */ --map=appl.mxp /* map file */ ROMS { ROW1: origin=0x00000000 len=0x4000 romwidth=8 files={ appl.u0 appl.u1 app1.u2 appl.u3 } ROW2: origin=0x00004000 len=0x4000 romwidth=8 files={ app1.u4 appl.u5 appl.u6 appl.u7 } } SECTIONS { .text, .data, .cinit, .sect1, .vectors, .const: } 10.3 Understanding Memory Widths The hex conversion utility makes your memory architecture more flexible by allowing you to specify memory and ROM widths. To use the hex conversion utility, you must understand how the utility treats word widths. Three widths are important in the conversion process: Target width Memory width ROM width The terms target word, memory word, and ROM word refer to a word of such a width. Figure 10-2 illustrates the separate and distinct phases of the hex conversion utility's process flow. Figure 10-2 Hex Conversion Utility Process Flow 10.3.1 Target Width Target width is the unit size (in bits) of the target processor's word. The width is fixed for each target and cannot be changed. The TMS320C6000 targets have a width of 32 bits. 10.3.2 Specifying the Memory Width Memory width is the physical width (in bits) of the memory system. Usually, the memory system is physically the same width as the target processor width: a 32-bit processor has a 32-bit memory architecture. However, some applications require target words to be broken into multiple, consecutive, and narrower memory words. By default, the hex conversion utility sets memory width to the target width (in this case, 32 bits). You can change the memory width (except for TI-TXT format) by: Using the --memwidth option. This changes the memory width value for the entire file. Setting the memwidth parameter of the ROMS directive. This changes the memory width value for the address range specified in the ROMS directive and overrides the --memwidth option for that range. See Section 10.4. For both methods, use a value that is a power of 2 greater than or equal to 8. You should change the memory width default value of 32. TI-86 ROM Download for MAME. TI-86 ROM available for download.Works with Windows, Mac, iOS and Android

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Skip to content The eternal and everlasting TI-86 graphing calculator is a great calculator: first made back in 1997, and still used by students today. But its battery life kinda sucks. So [Dalius] decided to bring his TI-86 into the 21st century.If you’re not familiar, the TI-86 runs off of 4 AAA batteries, preferably alkaline. If you use rechargeable NiMH they don’t last very long since they have a lower voltage per cell, which means it ends up draining even faster to a voltage level the TI-86 cannot operate at.Luckily, this means if you get rid of the batteries, there is some decent real estate available inside the calculator. [Dalius] was able to fit a 3.6V 900mAh lithium ion battery, a step-up module, and a USB Li-ion charger all into the compartment, complete with a micro USB port sticking out the side. Isn’t technological progress wonderful? Now you can recharge it just like your cellphone.For other fun calculator projects, check out our recent Hacklet dedicated to all things calculator!

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The TMS320C6000 assembler and linker create object files which are in binary formats that encourage modular programming and provide powerful and flexible methods for managing code segments and target system memory. Most EPROM programmers do not accept object files as input. The hex conversion utility converts an object file into one of several standard ASCII hexadecimal formats, suitable for loading into an EPROM programmer. The utility is also useful in other applications requiring hexadecimal conversion of an object file (for example, when using debuggers and loaders). The hex conversion utility can produce these output file formats: ASCII-Hex, supporting 32-bit addresses Extended Tektronix (Tektronix) Intel MCS-86 (Intel) Motorola Exorciser (Motorola-S), supporting 16-bit addresses Texas Instruments SDSMAC (TI-Tagged), supporting 16-bit addresses Texas Instruments TI-TXT format, supporting 16-bit addresses 10.1 The Hex Conversion Utility's Role in the Software Development Flow Figure 10-1 highlights the role of the hex conversion utility in the software development process. Figure 10-1 The Hex Conversion Utility in the TMS320C6000 Software Development Flow 10.2 Invoking the Hex Conversion Utility There are two basic methods for invoking the hex conversion utility: Specify the options and filenames on the command line. The following example converts the file firmware.out into TI-Tagged format, producing two output files, firm.lsb and firm.msb. hex6x -t firmware -o firm.lsb -o firm.msb hex6x --ti_tagged firmware --outfile=firm.lsb --outfile=firm.msb Specify the options and filenames in a command file. You can create a file that stores command line options and filenames for invoking the hex conversion utility. The following example invokes the utility using a command file called hexutil.cmd: hex6x hexutil.cmd In addition to regular command line information, you can use the hex conversion utility ROMS and SECTIONS directives in a command file. 10.2.1 Invoking the Hex Conversion Utility From the Command Line To invoke the hex conversion utility, enter: hex6x is the command that invokes the hex conversion utility. options supplies additional information that controls the hex conversion process. You can use options on the command line or in a command file. Table 10-1 lists the basic options. All options are preceded by a hyphen and are not case sensitive. Several options have an additional parameter that must be separated from the option by at least one space. Options with multi-character names must be spelled exactly as shown in this document; no abbreviations are allowed. Options are not affected by the order in which they are used. The exception to

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If no filenames are listed in the ROMS directive and you use --outfile options, the utility takes the filename from the list of --outfile options. The following line has the same effect as the example above using the ROMS directive: --outfile=xyz.b0 --outfile=xyz.b1 --outfile=xyz.b2 --outfile=xyz.b3 If both the ROMS directive and --outfile options are used together, the ROMS directive overrides the --outfile options. It assigns a default filename. If you specify no filenames or fewer names than output files, the utility assigns a default filename. A default filename consists of the base name from the input file plus a 2- to 3-character extension. The extension has three parts:A format character, based on the output format (see Section 10.12): a for ASCII-Hex i for Intel m for Motorola-S t for TI-Tagged x for TektronixThe range number in the ROMS directive. Ranges are numbered starting with 0. If there is no ROMS directive, or only one range, the utility omits this character.The file number in the set of files for the range, starting with 0 for the least significant file. For example, assume a.out is for a 32-bit target processor and you are creating Intel format output. With no output filenames specified, the utility produces four output files named a.i0, a.i1, a.i2, a.i3. If you include the following ROMS directive when you invoke the hex conversion utility, you would have eight output files: ROMS { range1: o = 0x00001000 l = 0x1000 range2: o = 0x00002000 l = 0x1000 } These output files ... Contain data in these locations ... a.i00, a.i01, a.i02, a.i03 0x00001000 through 0x00001FFF a.i10, a.i11, a.i12, a.i13 0x00002000 through 0x00002FFF 10.9 Image Mode and the --fill Option This section points out the advantages of operating in image mode and describes how to produce output files with a precise, continuous image of a target memory range. 10.9.1 Generating a Memory Image With the --image option, the utility generates a memory image by completely filling all of the mapped ranges specified in the ROMS directive. An object file consists of blocks of memory (sections) with assigned memory locations. Typically, all sections are not adjacent: there are holes between sections in the address space for which there is no data. When such a file is converted without the use of image mode, the hex conversion utility bridges these holes by using the address records in the output file to skip ahead to

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Display the original source with line-wrap and indicate the position of the error in the source line 10.12 Description of the Object Formats The hex conversion utility has options that identify each format. Table 10-2 specifies the format options. They are described in the following sections. You need to use only one of these options on the command line. If you use more than one option, the last one you list overrides the others. The default format is Tektronix (--tektronix option). Table 10-2 Options for Specifying Hex Conversion Formats Option Alias Format Address Bits Default Width --ascii -a ASCII-Hex 16 8 --intel -i Intel 32 8 --motorola=1 -m1 Motorola-S1 16 8 --motorola=2 -m2 Motorola-S2 24 8 --motorola=3 -m3 Motorola-S3 32 8 --ti-tagged -t TI-Tagged 16 16 --ti_txt TI_TXT 8 8 --tektronix -x Tektronix 32 8 Address bits determine how many bits of the address information the format supports. Formats with 16-bit addresses support addresses up to 64K only. The utility truncates target addresses to fit in the number of available bits. The default width determines the default output width of the format. You can change the default width by using the --romwidth option or by using the romwidth parameter in the ROMS directive. You cannot change the default width of the TI-Tagged format, which supports a 16-bit width only. 10.12.1 ASCII-Hex Object Format (--ascii Option) The ASCII-Hex object format supports 32-bit addresses. The format consists of a byte stream with bytes separated by spaces. Figure 10-6 illustrates the ASCII-Hex format. Figure 10-6 ASCII-Hex Object Format The file begins with an ASCII STX character (ctrl-B, 02h) and ends with an ASCII ETX character (ctrl-C, 03h). Address records are indicated with $AXXXXXXX, in which XXXXXXXX is a 8-digit (16-bit) hexadecimal address. The address records are present only in the following situations: When discontinuities occur When the byte stream does not begin at address 0 You can avoid all discontinuities and any address records by using the --image and --zero options. This creates output that is simply a list of byte values. 10.12.2 Intel MCS-86 Object Format (--intel Option) The Intel object format supports 16-bit addresses and 32-bit extended addresses. Intel format consists of a 9-character (4-field) prefix (which defines the start of record, byte count, load address, and record type), the data, and a 2-character checksum suffix. The 9-character prefix represents three record types: Record Type Description 00 Data record 01 End-of-file. TI-86 ROM Download for MAME. TI-86 ROM available for download.Works with Windows, Mac, iOS and Android TI-86 rom 1.2 versus rom 1.5; From: Kasper Vibe Grevsen Re: TI-86 rom 1.2 versus rom 1.5; From: Tom Lake Re: TI-86 rom 1.2 versus rom 1.5; From: Kevin J DeGraaf

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Simply writes multibyte fields into the file. The --romwidth option is ignored for the TI-TXT and TI-Tagged formats. Figure 10-4 illustrates how the object file data, memory, and ROM widths are related to one another. Memory width and ROM width are used only for grouping the object file data; they do not represent values. Thus, the byte ordering of the object file data is maintained throughout the conversion process. To refer to the partitions within a memory word, the bits of the memory word are always numbered from right to left as follows: Figure 10-4 Data, Memory, and ROM Widths 10.3.4 Specifying Word Order for Output Words There are two ways to split a wide word into consecutive memory locations in the same hex conversion utility output file: --order=M specifies big-endian ordering, in which the most significant part of the wide word occupies the first of the consecutive locations. --order=L specifies little-endian ordering, in which the least significant part of the wide word occupies the first of the consecutive locations. By default, the utility uses little-endian format. Unless your boot loader program expects big-endian format, avoid using --order=M.NOTEWhen the -order Option AppliesThis option applies only when you use a memory width with a value of 32 (--memwidth32). Otherwise, the hex utility does not have access to the entire 32-bit word and cannot perform the byte swapping necessary to change the endianness; --order is ignored. This option does not affect the way memory words are split into output files. Think of the files as a set: the set contains a least significant file and a most significant file, but there is no ordering over the set. When you list filenames for a set of files, you always list the least significant first, regardless of the --order option. 10.4 The ROMS Directive The ROMS directive specifies the physical memory configuration of your system as a list of address-range parameters. Each address range produces one set of files containing the hex conversion utility output data that corresponds to that address range. Each file can be used to program one single ROM device. The ROMS directive is similar to the MEMORY directive of the TMS320C6000 linker: both define the memory map of the target address space. Each line entry in the ROMS directive defines a specific address range. The general syntax is: ROMS{ romname: [origin=value,] [length=value,] [romwidth=value,] [memwidth=value,] [fill=value] [files={filename1, filename2, ...}] romname: [origin=value,]

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Firstly its important to point out that this is NOT a new ROM pack and infact its been out since the PiPiggies dropped it back in March (2019) when David Marti released Motion Blue Unified V1.5, HOWEVER, This is a SOLID set of complete ROMs (unless otherwise mentioned) for each of the systems.ROMS TORRENTSo heres what we gone done, we have a well seeded torrent (Motion.Blue.Unified.Rom.Sets-PiPiggies) , (thanks everyone who is seeding) – its brilliant! – you can simply select the system ROMs you would like to download when the torrent loads in your client!ROMS NZB USENETFor those of you who have blazing fast usenet who don’t rely on sharing or p2p , then grab the relevant NZB and grab your ROMs – They are all up there too – see the links below!REMEMBER #ROMSAREROMSWe constantly get asked if the ROMs are exclusive to Motion Blue, or if ROMS from “xyz” image will work with Motion Blue Unified – the truth is ROMS ARE ROMS ( #romsareroms ) – and as long as the naming convention is the 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TI-86 ROM Download for MAME. TI-86 ROM available for download.Works with Windows, Mac, iOS and Android TI-86 rom 1.2 versus rom 1.5; From: Kasper Vibe Grevsen Re: TI-86 rom 1.2 versus rom 1.5; From: Tom Lake Re: TI-86 rom 1.2 versus rom 1.5; From: Kevin J DeGraaf

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Select ASCII-Hex Section 10.12.1 --intel -i Select Intel Section 10.12.2 --motorola=1 -m1 Select Motorola-S1 Section 10.12.3 --motorola=2 -m2 Select Motorola-S2 Section 10.12.3 --motorola=3 -m3 Select Motorola-S3 (default -m option) Section 10.12.3 --tektronix -x Select Tektronix (default format when no output option is specified) Section 10.12.4 --ti_tagged -t Select TI-Tagged Section 10.12.5 --ti_txt Select TI-Txt Section 10.12.6 Load Image Options --load_image Select load image Section 10.6 --section_name_prefix=string Specify the section name prefix for load image object files Section 10.6 10.2.2 Invoking the Hex Conversion Utility With a Command File A command file is useful if you plan to invoke the utility more than once with the same input files and options. It is also useful if you want to use the ROMS and SECTIONS hex conversion utility directives to customize the conversion process. Command files are ASCII files that contain one or more of the following: Options and filenames. These are specified in a command file in exactly the same manner as on the command line. ROMS directive. The ROMS directive defines the physical memory configuration of your system as a list of address-range parameters. (See Section 10.4.) SECTIONS directive. The hex conversion utility SECTIONS directive specifies which sections from the object file are selected. (See Section 10.5.) Comments. You can add comments to your command file by using the /* and */ delimiters. For example: /* This is a comment. */ To invoke the utility and use the options you defined in a command file, enter: hex6x command_filename You can also specify other options and files on the command line. For example, you could invoke the utility by using both a command file and command line options:hex6x firmware.cmd --map=firmware.mxpThe order in which these options and filenames appear is not important. The utility reads all input from the command line and all information from the command file before starting the conversion process. However, if you are using the -q option, it must appear as the first option on the command line or in a command file. The --help option displays the syntax for invoking the compiler and lists available options. If the --help option is followed by another option or phrase, detailed information about the option or phrase is displayed. For example, to see information about options associated with generating a boot table use --help boot. The --quiet option suppresses the hex conversion utility's normal banner and progress information. Assume that