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Be layered above another device, the high-level Device Object must be initialized carefully to reflect the attributes of the lower-layer device. The information about the lower-layer device comes from its Device Object, or even fom interrogating the lower-layer physical device itself. See Characteristics, StackSize and AlignmentRequirement of DEVICE_OBJECT struct.File System drivers (FSDs) are at the top of the Windows NT driver stack. FSDs are added dynamically to the driver stack, as opposed to the way Intermediate drivers are added.The I/O Manager recognizes file-structured devices through the existence of a Volume Parameter Block (VPB) for the device. The VPB links the Device Object that represents the partition (created by the Class driver) with a Device Object that represents a mounted instance of a file system on that partition (created by an FSD). Using the previous example driver stack, the first time an I/O operation is directed to device \Device\HardDisk0\Partition1 , the I/O Manager notices that this is a file-structured device and that it does not presently have a fle system associated with it. As a result, it will pass a Mount request to registered disk type file systems, one at a time, asking them if they recognize the file structure on the partition as a type that they support.Disk file systems ordinarily ncountered on Windows NT 4 include NTFS and FAT. The frst file system that recognizes the format of the data on the partition will mount the device successfully. As part of the mount process, the FSD creates an (unnamed)

Up, the Proton Mail Plus account offers: 15 GB storage 1,000 messages a day Support for 1 custom email domain (for example, [email protected]) Labels, custom filters, and folders The option to send encrypted messages to external recipients Full Proton Calendar access Limited Proton Drive access Priority customer support Proton UnlimitedAs the name would suggest, Proton Unlimited comes with unlimited features from the entire Proton product family – going far beyond basic email. Starting at $4.99/month , the plan allows for 15 email addresses and 3 custom email domains. Other email features remain unchanged from the Plus plan.But the real star here is the additional features – the Proton Calendar stays, and you'll get a whopping 500 GB of storage. Of course, it's not just for emails. That's plenty of storage to get the best out of Proton Drive, and use it as one of your main drivers for important files and media.Additionally, this plan comes with a premium version of Proton VPN – one of the best VPNs in business, allowing for 10 simultaneous connections, and including super-fast servers for seamless streaming, gaming, and secure browsing.If you're looking for an all-in-one package for emails, productivity, and full online privacy, Proton Unlimted offers exactly that. It's the most expensive one of the bunch – but there's a good reason for that.The full list of Proton Mail Unlimited features are as follows: 500 GB storage Up to 15 email aliases Support for up to 3 custom domains (for example, [email protected]) Labels, custom filters, and folders The option to send encrypted messages to external recipients Full Proton Calendar access Full Proton Drive access Premium Proton VPN Priority customer support Is Proton Mail easy to use?Proton Mail is really easy to set up and very straightforward to use. We’ll walk you through the features, layout, and mobile app to help you decide if it’s the right service for you. How to set up a Proton Mail accountIt’s really easy to set up a Proton Mail account. All you need to do is visit the Proton Mail sign-up page, select the plan you want, and follow the instructions.One of the best things about it is you don’t have to put in any personal information so you can retain your anonymity. The site does suggest that you add a recovery email in case you forget your password, but you don’t have to. Proton Mail

Цифровую жизнь.С тарифным планом Proton VPN Free или Plus вы также получите доступ к бесплатной версии всей экосистемы Proton, включая сервис электронной почты с шифрованием, менеджер паролей и 5 ГБ хранения в облаке."],"footnote":[0],"align":[0,"center"],"banner":[0,{"icon":[0],"text":[0],"color":[0,null]}],"featuresListItems":[1,[]],"ctaLinks":[1,[]]}" ssr="" client="idle" opts="{"name":"TitleSectionVpn","value":true}" await-children="">Откройте для себя набор сервисов со сквозным шифрованием, созданных для того, чтобы помочь вам контролировать свою цифровую жизнь.С тарифным планом Proton VPN Free или Plus вы также получите доступ к бесплатной версии всей экосистемы Proton, включая сервис электронной почты с шифрованием, менеджер паролей и 5 ГБ хранения в облаке.Подробнее о Proton VPNПолитика отсутствия журналов активности Proton VPN подтверждена внешним аудитомКаждый может бесплатно использовать расширения для Chrome и Firefox от Proton VPNПочему вам следует использовать VPN на вашем мобильном устройствеProton VPN защищает вашу конфиденциальность в Интернете, скрывая ваш настоящий IP-адрес. Когда ваше виртуальное местоположение скрыто, отслеживать, ограничивать или продавать вашу онлайн-активность становится намного сложнее."]}],[0,{"question":[0,"Как установить Proton VPN?"],"answer":[0,"Чтобы установить Proton VPN, скачайте приложение Proton VPN для вашего устройства и следуйте нашему руководству по настройке. Затем просто войдите в свой аккаунт Proton, и вы будете готовы к подключению."]}],[0,{"question":[0,"Могу ли я смотреть Netflix, Hulu или Disney+ с Proton VPN?"],"answer":[0,"При подключении к серверу Proton VPN вы сможете получить доступ к Netflix, Hulu, Disney+ и другим крупным стриминговым платформам через VPN.Стриминг доступен во всех платных тарифных планах Proton VPN, включая Plus, Unlimited, Visionary и Family. Вы можете узнать об этом подробнее в нашем руководстве по стримингу."]}],[0,{"question":[0,"Является ли Proton VPN бесплатным?"],"answer":[0,"Да. Хотя некоторые платные функции доступны только по подписке Proton VPN Plus, у нас также есть бесплатный план. Мы — единственный бесплатный VPN-сервис без рекламы, ограничений по трафику и с жёсткой политикой отсутствия журналов активности."]}],[0,{"question":[0,"Насколько безопасен Proton VPN?"],"answer":[0,"Весь сетевой трафик Proton VPN зашифрован с помощью AES-256 или ChaCha20, и мы используем надёжные VPN-протоколы, такие как WireGuard® и OpenVPN.Даже если ваше VPN-подключение прервётся, вы можете защитить свои данные, воспользовавшись такими бесплатными функциями VPN, как kill switch и постоянный VPN."]}],[0,{"question":[0,"Сколько устройств можно подключить к Proton VPN?"],"answer":[0,"При платной подписке Proton VPN вы можете подключить до 10 устройств одновременно."]}],[0,{"question":[0,"Законно ли использование Proton VPN?"],"answer":[0,"Использование VPN законно в большинстве стран, но некоторые государства ограничивают или запрещают его использование. Узнайте подробнее в нашем руководстве по VPN в разных странах."]}]]]}" ssr="" client="load" opts="{"name":"FaqSection","value":true}" await-children="">Часто задаваемые вопросы

Proton VPN Windows appCopyright (c) 2023 Proton AGThis repository holds the Proton VPN Windows app.For a detailed build information see BUILD.For licensing information see COPYING.For contribution policy see CONTRIBUTING.DescriptionThe Proton VPN Windows app is intended for every Proton VPN service user,paid or free and supports all functionalities available to authenticated users (user signup instead happens on the web site).You can download the latest stable release, either on Proton VPN official website or directly on the official GitHub repository.The applicationThe app consists of these interacting parts:Proton VPN GUI applicationProton VPN ServiceOpenVPNTAP adapterSplit Tunnel driverGUI applicationThe Proton VPN GUI app is installed into "C:\Program Files\Proton\VPN" directory by default.The main executable is "ProtonVPN.exe".Proton VPN GUI app starts Proton VPN Service when launched and stops the servicewhen closed.App logs are saved to "%LOCALAPPDATA%\ProtonVPN\Logs" directory.The Proton VPN build using Debug configuration optionally loads its configuration from file"ProtonVPN.config" in the app directory. This file is not deployed during install. If the configurationfile doesn't exist or contains not valid values the app tries to save default configurationused in the app.To monitor Http traffic of Proton VPN GUI app using Fiddler or another tool, you might need to disableTLS certificate pinning. To disable TLS certificate pinning the configuration file with empty"TlsPinningConfig" value should be provided: ... "TlsPinningConfig": {} ...Proton VPN ServiceThe Windows service "ProtonVPN Service" is installed into"C:\Program Files\Proton\VPN" directory by default. Serviceexecutable is "ProtonVPNService.exe". The service is started and stopped by the Proton VPNGUI app.During installation, the service is configured to be started and stopped by the unprivilegedinteractive users.Service executable supports installation and uninstallation of service. Passing "install" oncommand line to "ProtonVPNService.exe" installs the service, passing "uninstall" - uninstalls.This installation method doesn't configure service security settings.Service is responsible for interaction with OpenVPN, managing Windows firewall and Split Tunneldriver.Service logs are saved to "%ALLUSERSPROFILE%\ProtonVPN\Logs" directory.OpenVPNThe Proton VPN uses OpenVPN for maintaining a VPN tunnel. The new OpenVPN process is started on eachconnect to a VPN and closed on disconnect. Communication with the OpenVPN process is maintained throughTCP management interface.OpenVPN is installed into "C:\Program Files\Proton\VPN\Resources"directory by default. The OpenVPN config file is static, it doesn't change for each VPN server.The OpenVPN is built from official source by applying a patch to support Proton VPN specificTAP adapter. See win-openvpn repository.TAP adapterTAP adapter "TAP-ProtonVPN Windows Adapter V9" is used by the OpenVPN.The TAP adapter is built from official source by applying a patch to have Proton VPN specificname and identification. See win-tap-adapter repository.Callout driverThe kernel-mode driver "ProtonVPN Callout Driver" is used for redirecting socket bindings whenSplit Tunnel is enabled and preventing DNS leak by sending SERVFAIL response packet for DNSrequests which were made from other interfaces than Proton VPN uses.The driver is installed as a system service. It is started when connecting to VPN and stoppedwhen disconnecting by Proton VPN Service.Folder structureThe main repository folder contains the .NET Visual Studio solution of theProton VPN Windows app named ProtonVPN.Folder "ci"Contains continuous integration scripts.Folder "packages"It contains NuGet packages of the ProtonVPN solution.Folder "Setup"This folder contains Advanced Installer setup project files, resources included in

SupportAccount and billingProton VPN end-of-year sale detailsDiscover all the details about Proton VPN’s end-of-year sale.SupportAccount and billingHow to pay for Proton services in RussiaHow to pay for Proton services in Russia if your usual payment method is blocked due to the ongoing conflict in UkraineSupportAccount and billingAccount credit, proration, and couponsYou can change or cancel your Proton VPN plan anytime and get account credits. Here we explain how credits, proration, and coupons work.SupportAccount and billingBillingPaying for Proton VPN with BitcoinThere are many ways to pay for your Proton VPN plan. Find out how to pay by credit or debit card, PayPal, BitCoin, cash, or bank transfer.SupportAccount and billingBillingProton VPN couponsProton VPN coupons are discounts for your account. Beware of fakes! If you see a Proton VPN coupon on a website that is not protonvpn.com, it's a fake.SupportAccount and billingBillingКак оплатить сервисы Proton из РоссииКак оплатить за сервисы Proton из России, если обычные методы заблокированы из-за конфликта на Украине.SupportAccount and billingBillingPayment optionsFind out how to pay for your Proton VPN plan by credit or debit card, PayPal, Bitcoin, cash, or bank transfer.SupportAccount and billingAccountHow to fix common problems signing in to Proton VPNThis article looks at some common problems you might have signing in to our servers, and provides tips on resolving them.SupportAccount and billingAccountHow to sign in to Proton VPNSign in to ProtonVPN using your ProtonVPN credentials or OpenVPN / IKEv2 credentials, and troubleshoot logging-in issues.SupportAccount and billingAccountHow to reset the Proton VPN account passwordSupportAccount and billingAccountProton VPN Human VerificationSupportAccount and billingAccountProton VPN temporarily locked my account for security reasonsIf your ProtonVPN account is compromised then we will temporarily lock it until you change your password. This guide explains how.SupportAccount and billingAccountHow to avoid phishing scamsPhishing scams are easy to fall victim to and can be very costly. We list

Online privacy, Proton Mail is a much safer choice. Proton Mail review: the bottom lineIf you’ve got an email account with a mainstream provider, chances are it doesn’t use end-to-end encryption. As you've seen from our Proton Mail review, the big difference between a secure email service like Proton Mail and a standard email service such as Gmail or Outlook is that it provides a lot more security and privacy for its users. Visit Proton Mail Proton Mail is really simple, easy to use and it offers end-to-end encryption, so you’ll have real peace of mind, knowing that your emails can’t be read by anyone other than you and whoever you’re emailing. There’s no coincidence that the protagonist from TV series Mr. Robot is seen using this service in Season 1, and it was also featured in the movie “Knives Out” for sending ransom notes. Proton Mail is just that secure.Want to know more? Check out our complete guide to secure email providers. The company behind Proton Mail also offers one of the best free VPN services out there. You can read more about it in our Proton VPN review. More secure email provider reviewsZoho Mail review: great security features and moreTutanota review: why we recommend this secure email providerFastmail review: good, but not the best choice FAQ Is Proton Mail safer than Gmail? Yes. End-to-end encryption is king when it comes to data protection. All data stored on Proton Mail is encrypted, so neither hackers nor ProtonMail employees can read the contents of your messages. Meanwhile, Gmail has logs of your every login and can access every single email in your mailbox. Can Proton Mail hand over my data to law authorities? In cases when law enforcement asks Proton Mail for your data, there is little that they can do. First of all, Proton Mail encrypts the emails, they cannot decrypt them at will. Moreover, they won’t act on data requests unless approved by the appropriate Swiss authority. Suppose you don’t provide detailed account information. In that case, there’s not much to go on that would tie your identity to the email account. Can you switch between paid and free Proton Mail versions? Yes, Proton Mail allows switching between the free and paid versions. Before downgrading, you’ll have to make sure that you give up previously set up premium functions. This includes custom domains and addresses. Once you do